Barrett’s Esophagus: Causes and Symptoms

Usually when we eat, food leaves the esophagus and enters the acidic stomach environment with no trouble. But sometimes the acids of the stomach splash up and contact the sensitive tissue around the stomach-esophageal junction, which can be uncomfortable and can require treatment. GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease) is fairly common, and depending on the severity of a specific case, it can be alleviated with acid-controlling medications or minimally invasive procedures (for example, Stretta).

But on rare occasions (about ten percent of GERD cases), the cells of the esophagus transform over time as a result of their exposure to stomach acids. In these cases, for reasons that aren’t fully understood, esophageal cells begin to adopt the characteristics of intestinal cells. This process usually takes place with no specific pain or symptoms, so patients can’t feel the transformation, but the change can lead to an increased risk of esophageal cancer.

This condition, called Barrett’s Esophagus, is unusual, and established cases don’t always become malignant; only a few of those identified with these unusual cells are later diagnosed with cancer. But once it forms, esophageal cancer is serious and treatment measures (like surgery) become riskier and more invasive.

So, if the Barrett’s Esophagus brings no pain or apparent symptoms, but could lead to esophageal cancer, what should you do if you’re concerned? Here are a few signs that should prompt you to make an appointment with a doctor:

• If you’ve had GERD or acid reflux for more than five years, talk to your doctor about your risk levels.
• If your heartburn symptoms lead to difficulty swallowing, or
• If you vomit and see signs of red or dark brown blood, get this addressed right away.

Your doctor’s assessment may depend on your medical history and personal profile. To learn more about Barrett’s Esophagus, GERD, or any issue affecting your digestive process, contact the gastroesophageal experts at Park Gastro.